Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing

Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing By Mark Nichol Parenthetical phrasing is often punctuated incorrectly, as shown in the following examples, each of which is followed by a discussion and a revision. 1. That’s why they choose to live in San Francisco proper instead of say a suburb like Daly City. In this sentence, say is being used as a synonym for the parenthetical phrase â€Å"for example,† and like that phrase, it must be set off from the sentence: â€Å"That’s why they choose to live in San Francisco proper instead of, say, a suburb like Daly City.† 2. As these companies continue to evolve, a focus on organizational structure and governance framework as well as monitoring, testing, and reporting, become increasingly important. This sentence consists of three components: a subordinate clause, a main clause, and a parenthetical clause within the main clause. However, the parenthetical clause is not correctly set off from the main clause- a comma must precede â€Å"as well as† (the beginning of the parenthetical phrase) to counterbalance the one that follows reporting (the end of the parenthetical phrase): â€Å"As these companies continue to evolve, a focus on organizational structure and governance framework, as well as monitoring, testing, and reporting, become increasingly important.† 3. It’s imperative for them to have a longer-term approach to the market, and based on that, make permanent changes to their operations. The superfluous first comma in this sentence exists on the mistaken presumption that it must be placed there to separate two independent clauses. However, this sentence consists of a single main clause with the parenthetical phrase â€Å"based on that,† which should be preceded and followed by a pair of commas, so the first comma must follow, not precede, and: â€Å"It’s imperative for them to have a longer-term approach to the market and, based on that, make permanent changes to their operations.† Compare this sentence, which does consist of two independent clauses correctly separated by a comma and includes a second comma whose function is to set the introductory phrase â€Å"at times† off from the rest of the second independent clause: â€Å"Decisions have to be based on realistic considerations, and at times, that’s when a third party is helpful.† Compare it as well to â€Å"There have been dozens of bankruptcies so far, and, as Smith mentioned, some have already restructured and exited bankruptcy.† This sentence consists of two independent clauses (separated by the comma between far and and) and the parenthetical phrase â€Å"as Smith mentioned,† which is bracketed by two additional commas that have no relation to the first comma. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsDo you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

How WW1 Affected... essays

How WW1 Affected... essays a. the role of the national government in American life? World War II caused many changes in government intervention in everyday American life. FDRs role as a leader during the war enabled him to gain more power for the president in order to make decisions for the country. During WWII, most of the American society stood behind the war effort, and supported him fully. The American people were able to shake off the last few signs of depression and help to turn the economy to war-time mode. The government did not need as much propaganda to encourage the American national pride. b. The relationship between government and the economy WWII helped to save Americas struggling economy. Because of WWII the depression was finally put to rest and Americans economy did a full circle. FDR and the government set up operations, such as the War Productions Board and others to help keep Americas economy stable and producing during the war. Unimportant products were put aside and businesses began to manufacture things necessary for the war effort. Other operations were set up to keep everything going smoothly during the war such as the Office of Price Administration to help curb inflations, The War Labor Board, which kept ceilings on wage increases, and the Smith-Connally Act which prevented labor unions from striking. During WWII many different minority groups experienced major changes in their way of life. Women experienced a major changes in their role in society during the war. Many women had to fill in while the men were away at war, and stepped up to fill the mens work. Women in the factory greatly increased, which caused daycare centers to rise up. When the war ended most women did return to their previous lifestyle, but many continued to work in the factories. African Americans during this time period also had a ...

Keeping Music in the Classrooms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Keeping Music in the Classrooms - Essay Example Children don't have to memorize a lot of material or remember complicated formulas, but are exposed to another kind of lesson. This is why children are more willing to learn it and its also a part of the reason why they enjoy it. It is simple and children can understand it and participate in it (Bryan, 2005). Second, music arouses childrens imagination and takes them to worlds of fantasy and magic. It carries them to different imaginary places. It is, in a way, magical, and allows children to have a break from their hard day of studying, while still teaching them something else (Bryan, 2005). Third, music has no barriers of race, ethnicity, color and others. Through the experience of music, children can empathize with the feelings and aspirations of their counterparts worldwide. In a way, it unites them all, making them one group, instead of individuals separated or divided by their differences (Bryan, 2005). Fourth, music can be integrated in the learning process of other subjects, such as math, history and other subjects. For instance, in order to help children memorize facts, formulas or other material- songs can be used. It is known that it is easier for the brain to remember words or facts if they are rhythmic. If music is incorporated in the studies of other subject, it may very well improve students achievements in those subjects (Bryan, 2005). Fifth, it is known for quite some time that music has the ability to calm people, make them more relaxed and reduce tensions and stress. This obviously improves their daily functioning, and may assist them in their learning and could even reduce their levels of violence.